Invertebrates by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca (2003, Hardcover) Email alerts New issue alert. This article relies largely or invwrtebrates on a single source. Brusca in is a system of classification with emphasis on the invertebratesin other words, a way to classify animals, primarily those which have no backbone. Brusca Award Guidelines Download our livro invertebrados brusca brusca download portugues eBooks for free and learn more about livro invertebrados brusca brusca download portugues. Probably a monophyletic group that includes molds, mushrooms, yeasts, and others. Read online Invertebrates, Second Edition - Sinauer Associates book pdf free download link book now. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so don't worry about it. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Invertebrates SECOND EDITION Richard C. Brusca Director of.

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Para ruppert zoologia dos invertebrados livro a vida dos vertebrados zoologia de los Invertebrados livro zoologia dos invertebrados brusca zoologia dos. Brusca & Brusca. By Libros de Ciencias en PDF. · Updated about 2 years ago. Libro por capítulos. Invertebrados. Segunda Edición. Mc Graw Hill. Español. Invertebrados (Em Portuguese do Brasil) [Richard C. Brusca] on * FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. O livro objetiva o ensino da zoologia dos.

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Probably a monophyletic group that includes molds, mushrooms, yeasts, and others. It used to be thought that the Proterozoic was a time of only a few simple kinds of life; hence the name. Parte 1 de Current thinking favors the view that prokaryotes ruled Earth for at least 2 billion years before the modern eukaryotic cell appeared in the fossil record.

Extremophiles include halophiles which grow in the presence of high salt concentrations invertebrzdos, thermophilesand psychrophiles which live at zoollgia high or very low temperaturesacidiphilesand alkaliphiles which are optimally adapted to acidic or basic pH valuesand barophiles which grow best under pres- sure.

The phylogenetic distribution of regenerating. The phylogenetic distribution of regenerating Entoprocta – EOLspecies. Invertebrates, Second Edition presents a modern invertfbrados of the 34 animal phyla plus the Protista and serves as You can download PDF versions of the user’s guide, manuals and ebooks about livro invertebrados brusca brusca download portuguesyou can also find and download for free A free online manual notices with beginner and intermediate, Downloads Documentation, You can download PDF files or DOC and PPT about livro invertebrados brusca brusca download portugues for free, but please respect copyrighted ebooks.

Photosynthetic, autotrophic, multicellular organisms that develop through embryonic tissue layering. Some Eubacteria conduct chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, a trait that is never present in Archaea.

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The earliest fossil records of fungi are from the Middle Ordovician, about mya. Over a million species of living animals have been described, but estimates of how many living species remain to be discovered and described range from lows of 10—30 million to highs of — million. In animals, segmental identity is established by the spatially specific transcriptional activation of an overlapping series of master regulatory genes, the homeobox Hox genes.

Cells with a variety of membrane-enclosed organelles e. I look for a PDF Ebook about:. Pedro fools the gringo and other tales of a Latin America It has recently been suggested that the three main divisions of life Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota should be recognized at a new taxonomic level, called domains.

Of the species with indirect development, Apparently it was more challenging for life to invade land than to first evolve on Earth!

We discuss various ways in which these trees are developed in Chapter 2. The purposes of the Brusca Award areto: Pdf – Brusca and Brusca ; Brusca and Brusca, Uncontestable fossils occur in rocks 2 billion years old, but these fossils already include multicellular algae, suggesting that life must have evolved well before then.

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Saprobic, heterotrophic, multicellular organisms. Although the fossil record is rich with the history of many early animal lineages, many others have left very few fossils. Many workers feel that this group should be split into several separate kingdoms to better reflect the phylogenetic lineages of its members.

Anaerobic or aerobic, largely methane-producing microorganisms. The discovery that organisms with a cell nucleus constitute a natural group divided the living world neatly into two categories, the prokaryotes those organisms lacking membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus, and without linear chromosomesand the eukaryotes those bfusca that do possess membranebound organelles and a nucleus, and linear chromosomes.

The oldest evidence consists of 3. Apostila de Zoologia Geral Zoologia dos invertebrados.

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There is no evidence that the animal homeobox and MADS box transcription factor genes are homologous. Field preservation of marine invertebrate tissue for DNA analyses.

The alkaliphile Natronobacterium gregoryilives in soda lakes invertebradoss the pH can rise as high as Some of these names refer to groups of organisms that are probably natural phylogenetic groups i.

Full Text – Nature and Science. This site does not host pdf, DOC files all document are the property of their respective owners. Martin Wells, Lower Animals, spond more or less to our traditional understanding of bacteria.

Halobacterium salinarumlives in the salt pans of San Francisco Bay and colors them red. Those that possess a backbone constitute the subphylum Vertebrata of the phylum Chordata, and account for less than 5 percent about 46, species of all described animals.

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Representatives of nearly all of the extant animal phyla were present early in the Paleozoic era, more than million years ago mya. Never with membrane-enclosed organelles or nuclei, or a cytoskeleton; none use chlorophyll-based photosynthesis; without peptidoglycan in cell wall; with several RNA invertwbrados.

About 10,0 to 13,0 new species are named and described by biologists each year, most of them invertebrates. List of ebooks and manuels about Livro invertebrados brusca brusca download portugues.

Synopsis

• Invertebrates, Second Edition presents a modern survey of the 34 animal phyla (plus the Protista) and serves as both a college course text and a reference on invertebrate biology. Thorough and up-to-date, it is organized around the themes of bauplans (body plans) and evolution (phylogenetics). Each phylum is organized in a standardized fashion, treating the systematics, bauplan (support and movement, feeding and digestion, circulation and gas exchange, excretion and osmoregulation, nervous system, reproduction and development), and phylogeny. Detailed classifications, phylogenetic trees, and references for all phyla are provided. Tables summarize each phylum's defining attributes. The text is accompanied by an abundance of detailed line drawings and-new to this edition-color photographs.

Product Identifiers

• 0878930973
• 2321459

Key Details

• 936 pages
• 2003-01-01
• Oxford University Press, Incorporated

Additional Details

• 2
• Yes

Dimensions

• 1.5 In.
• 11.2 In.

Classification Method

• QL362.B924 2002
• 23

The taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification with emphasis on the invertebrates, in other words, a way to classify animals, primarily those which have no backbone.^[1]

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• 2Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)
  • 2.1Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)
    • 2.1.1Parazoa
    • 2.1.2Mesozoa
    • 2.1.3Eumetazoa
      • 2.1.3.1Radiata
      • 2.1.3.2Bilateria

Prokaryotes[edit]

• Kingdom Eubacteria (Bacteria)
• Kingdom Archaea (Archaebacteria)

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)[edit]

• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae (= Metaphyta)
• Kingdom Protista

• Phylum Euglenida
• Phylum Kinetoplastida
• Alveolata phyla

• Phylum Ciliophora
• Phylum Apicomplexa
• Phylum Dinoflagellata

• Phylum Stramenopila
• Phylum Rhizopoda
• Phylum Actinopoda
• Phylum Granuloreticulosa
• Phylum Diplomonadida
• Phylum Parabasilida
• Phylum Cryptomonada
• Phylum Microspora
• Phylum Ascetospora
• Phylum Choanoflagellata
• Phylum Chlorophyta
• Phylum Opalinida
• Incertae sedis: Genus Stephanopogon

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)[edit]

Parazoa[edit]

Phylum Porifera[edit]

• Phylum Porifera

• Class Calcarea

• Subclass Calcinea
• Subclass Calcaronea

• Class Hexactinellida

• Subclass Amphidiscophora
• Subclass Hexasterophora

• Class Demospongiae

• Subclass Homoscleromorpha
• Subclass Tetractinomorpha
• Subclass Ceractinomorpha

Mesozoa[edit]

Phylum Placozoa[edit]

• Phylum Placozoa

Phylum Monoblastozoa[edit]

• Phylum Monoblastozoa

Phylum Rhombozoa[edit]

• Phylum Rhombozoa

• Order Dicyemida
• Order Heterocyemida

Phylum Orthonectida[edit]

• Phylum Orthonectida

Eumetazoa[edit]

Radiata[edit]

Phylum Cnidaria[edit]

• Phylum Cnidaria

• Class Hydrozoa

• Order Hydroida

• Suborder Anthomedusae (= Gymnoblastea or Athecata)
• Suborder Leptomedusae (= Calyptoblastea or Thecata)

• Order Trachylina
• Order Siphonophora
• Order Chondrophora
• Order Actinulida

• Class Anthozoa

• Subclass Octocorallia (= Alcyonaria)

• Order Alcyonacea
• Order Gastraxonacea
• Order Gorgonacea
• Order Helioporacea
• Order Pennatulacea
• Order Protoalcyonaria
• Order Stolonifera
• Order Telestacea

• Subclass Hexacorallia (= Zoantharia)

• Order Actiniaria
• Order Scleractinia (= Madreporaria)
• Order Zoanthidea
• Order Corallimorpharia

• Subclass Ceriantipatharia

• Order Antipatharia
• Order Ceriantharia

• Class Cubozoa
• Class Scyphozoa

• Order Stauromedusae
• Order Coronatae
• Order Semaeostomae
• Order Rhizostomae

Phylum Ctenophora[edit]

• Phylum Ctenophora

• Order Beroida
• Order Cestida
• Order Cydippida
• Order Ganeshida
• Order Lobata
• Order Platyctenida
• Order Thalassocalycida

Bilateria[edit]

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

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• acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
• blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
• coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny,^[2] the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes[edit]

• Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Class Turbellaria

• Order Acoela
• Order Catenulida
• Order Haplopharyngida
• Order Lecithoepitheliata
• Order Macrostomida
• Order Nemertodermatida
• Order Polycladida
• Order Prolecithophora
• Order Proplicastomata
• Order Proseriata
• Order Rhabdocoela

• Suborder Dalyellioida
• Suborder Thyphloplanoida
• Suborder Kalyptorhynchia
• Suborder Temnocephalida

• Order Tricladida

• Class Monogenea

• Subclass Monopisthocotylea
• Subclass Polyopisthocotylea

• Class Trematoda

• Subclass Digenea
• Subclass Aspidogastrea

• Class Cestoda

• Subclass Cestodaria
• Subclass Eucestoda

Phylum Nemertea[edit]

• Phylum Nemertea

• Class Anopla
• Class Enopla

Phylum Rotifera[edit]

• Phylum Rotifera

• Class Digonata

• Order Seisonidea
• Order Bdelloidea

• Class Monogononta

Phylum Gastrotricha[edit]

• Phylum Gastrotricha

• Order Macrodasyida
• Order Chaetonotida

• Suborder Multitubulatina
• Suborder Paucitubulatina

Phylum Kinorhyncha[edit]

• Phylum Kinorhyncha

• Order Cyclorhagida
• Order Homalorhagida

Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)[edit]

• Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)

• Class Adenophorea (= Aphasmida)

• Subclass Enoplia
• Subclass Chromadoria

• Class Secernentea (= Phasmida)

• Subclass Rhabditia
• Subclass Spiruria
• Subclass Diplogasteria

Phylum Nematomorpha[edit]

• Phylum Nematomorpha

• Order Nectonematoidea
• Order Gordioidea

Phylum Priapula[edit]

• Phylum Priapula

• Family Priapulidae
• Family Tubiluchidae
• Family Maccabeidae (= Chaetostephanidae)

Phylum Acanthocephala[edit]

• Phylum Acanthocephala

• Class Palaeacanthocephala
• Class Archiacanthocephala
• Class Eoacanthocephala

Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)[edit]

• Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)

• Family Loxosomatidae
• Family Loxokalypodidae
• Family Pedicellinidae
• Family Barentsiidae

Phylum Gnathostomulida[edit]

• Phylum Gnathostomulida

• Order Filospermoidea
• Order Bursovaginoidea

Phylum Loricifera[edit]

• Phylum Loricifera

• Order Nanaloricida

• Family Nanaloricidae
• Family Pliciloricidae

Phylum Cycliophora[edit]

• Phylum Cycliophora

Phylum Annelida[edit]

• Phylum Annelida

• Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)

• Order Capitellida
• Order Chaetopterida
• Order Cirratulida
• Order Eunicida
• Order Myzostomida
• Order Opheliida
• Order Spionida
• Order Orbiniida
• Order Oweniida
• Order Phyllodocida
• Order Sabellida
• Order Terebellida

• Class Clitellata

• Subclass Oligochaeta

• Order Lumbriculida

• Family Lumbriculidae

• Order Moniligastrida

• Family Moniligastridae

• Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)

• Family Almidae
• Family Megascolecidae
• Family Tubificidae
• Family Naididae
• Family Lumbricidae

• Subclass Hirudinoidea

• Order Acanthobdellida
• Order Branchiobdellida
• Order Hirudinida

Phylum Sipuncula[edit]

• Phylum Sipuncula

• Class Phascolosomida

• Order Aspidosiphoniformes
• Order Phascolosomiformes

• Class Sipunculida

• Order Golfingiaformes

• Family Themistidae
• Family Phascolionidae
• Family Golfingiidae

• Order Sipunculiformes

Phylum Echiura[edit]

• Phylum Echiura

• Order Echiuroinea
• Order Xenopneusta
• Order Heteromyota

Phylum Onychophora[edit]

• Phylum Onychophora

• Family Peripatidae
• Family Peripatopsidae

Phylum Tardigrada[edit]

• Phylum Tardigrada

• Order Heterotardigrada
• Order Mesotardigrada
• Order Eutardigrada

Phylum Arthropoda[edit]

• Phylum Arthropoda

• Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
• Subphylum Crustacea

• Class Remipedia
• Class Cephalocarida
• Class Branchiopoda

• Order Anostraca
• Order Notostraca
• Order Diplostraca

• Suborder Laevicaudata
• Suborder Spinicaudata
• Suborder Cyclestherida
• Suborder Cladocera

• Class Malacostraca

• Subclass Phyllocarida

• Order Lepstostraca

• Subclass Eumalacostraca

• Superorder Hoplocarida

• Order Stomatopoda

• Superorder Syncarida

• Order Bathynellacea
• Order Anaspidacea

• Superorder Eucarida

• Order Euphausiacea
• Order Amphionidacea
• Order Decapoda

• Suborder Dendrobranchiata
• Suborder Pleocyemata

• Infraorder Caridea
• Infraorder Stenopodidea
• Infraorder Brachyura
• Infraorder Anomura
• Infraorder Astacidea
• Infraorder Palinura
• Infraorder Thalassinidea

• Superorder Peracarida

• Order Mysida
• Order Lophogastrida
• Order Cumacea
• Order Tanaidacea
• Order Mictacea
• Order Spelaeogriphacea
• Order Thermosbaenacea
• Order Isopoda

• Suborder Anthuridea
• Suborder Asellota
• Suborder Calabozoidea
• Suborder Epicaridea
• Suborder Flabellifera
• Suborder Gnathiidea
• Suborder Oniscidea
• Suborder Phreatoicidea
• Suborder Valvifera

• Order Amphipoda

• Suborder Gammaridea
• Suborder Hyperiidea
• Suborder Caprellidea
• Suborder Ingolfiellidea

• Class Maxillopoda

• Subclass Thecostraca

• Infraclass Facetotecta
• Infraclass Ascothoracida
• Infraclass Cirripedia

• Superorder Acrothoracica
• Superorder Rhizocephala
• Superorder Thoracica

• Subclass Tantulocarida
• Subclass Branchiura
• Subclass Pentastomida
• Subclass Mystacocarida
• Subclass Copepoda

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• Infraclass Progymnoplea

• Order Platycopioida

• Infraclass Neocopepoda

• Order Calanoida
• Order Cyclopoida
• Order Gelyelloida
• Order Harpacticoida
• Order Misophrioida
• Order Monstrilloida
• Order Mormonilloida
• Order Poecilostomatoida
• Order Siphonostomatoida

• Subclass Ostracoda

• Superorder Myodocopa

• Order Myodocopida
• Order Halocyprida

• Superorder Podocopa

• Order Podocopida
• Order Platycopida
• Order Palaeocopida

• Subphylum Hexapoda

• Class Entognatha

• Order Collembola
• Order Protura
• Order Diplura

• Class Insecta

• Subclass Archaeognatha

• Order Archaeognatha (= Microcoryphia)

• Subclass Zygentoma

• Order Thysanura

• Subclass Pterygota

• Infraclass Palaeoptera

• Order Ephemeroptera
• Order Odonata

• Infraclass Neoptera

• Order Plecoptera
• Order Blattodea
• Order Isoptera
• Order Mantodea
• Order Phasmida (= Phasmatoptera)
• Order Grylloblattodea
• Order Dermaptera
• Order Orthoptera
• Order Mantophasmatodea
• Order Embioptera
• Order Zoraptera
• Order Psocoptera
• Order Phthiraptera
• Order Thysanoptera
• Order Hemiptera
• Order Strepsiptera
• Order Megaloptera
• Order Raphidioptera
• Order Neuroptera
• Order Coleoptera
• Order Mecoptera
• Order Siphonaptera
• Order Diptera
• Order Trichoptera
• Order Lepidoptera
• Order Hymenoptera

• Subphylum Myriapoda

• Class Diplopoda

• Subclass Penicillata

• Order Polyxenida

• Subclass Chilognatha

• Order Callipodida
• Order Chordeumatida
• Order Glomerida
• Order Glomeridesmida
• Order Julida
• Order Platydesmida
• Order Polydesmida
• Order Polyzoniida
• Order Siphonophorida
• Order Siphoniulida
• Order Sphaerotheriida
• Order Spirobolida
• Order Spirostreptida
• Order Stemmiulida

• Class Chilopoda

• Subclass Notostigmophora

• Order Scutigeromorpha

• Subclass Pleurostigmophora

• Order Craterostigmomorpha
• Order Geophilomorpha
• Order Lithobiomorpha
• Order Scolopendromorpha

• Class Pauropoda
• Class Symphyla

• Subphylum Cheliceriformes

• Class Pycnogonida
• Class Chelicerata

• Subclass Merostomata

• Order Eurypterida
• Order Xiphosura

• Subclass Arachnida

• Order Acari

• Suborder Opiloacarifomes
• Suborder Parasitiformes
• Suborder Acariformes

• Order Amblypygi
• Order Araneae

• Suborder Mesothelae
• Suborder Opisthothelae

• Superfamily Mygalomorpha

• Family Ctenizidae
• Family Atypicae
• Family Theraphosidae
• Family Dipluridae

• Superfamily Araneomorphae

• Family Loxoscelidae
• Family Theridiidae
• Family Uloboridae
• Family Araneidae
• Family Tetragnathidae
• Family Clubionidae
• Family Linyphiidae
• Family Agelenidae
• Family Argyronetidae
• Family Lycosidae
• Family Pisauridae
• Family Oxyopidae
• Family Thomisidae
• Family Heteropodidae
• Family Salticidae
• Family Dinopidae
• Family Scytodidae

• Order Opiliones
• Order Palpigradi
• Order Pseudoscorpionida
• Order Ricinulei
• Order Schizomida
• Order Scorpiones
• Order Solpugida
• Order Uropygi

Phylum Mollusca[edit]

• Phylum Mollusca

• Class Aplacophora

• Subclass Chaetodermomorpha (= Caudofoveata)
• Subclass Neomeniomorpha (= Solenogastres)

• Class Monoplacophora
• Class Polyplacophora

• Order Lepidopleurida
• Order Ischnochitonida
• Order Acanthochitonida

• Class Gastropoda

• Subclass Prosobranchia

• Order Archaeogastropoda
• Order Mesogastropoda
• Order Neogastropoda

• Subclass Opisthobranchia

• Order Acochlidioidea
• Order Cephalaspidea
• Order Runcinoidea
• Order Sacoglossa
• Order Anaspidea
• Order Thecosomata
• Order Gymnosomata
• Order Notaspidea
• Order Nudibranchia

• Subclass Pulmonata

• Order Archaeopulmonata
• Order Basommatophora
• Order Stylommatophora
• Order Systellommatophora

• Class Bivalvia (=Pelecypoda, or Lamellibranchiata)

• Subclass Protobranchia

• Order Nuculida (= Palaeotaxodonta)
• Order Solemyida (= Cryptodonta)

• Subclass Lamellibranchia

• Superorder Filibranchia (= Pteriomorpha)
• Superorder Eulamellibranchia (= Heterodonta)

• Order Palaeoheterodonta
• Order Veneroida
• Order Myoida

• Subclass Anomalodesmata

• Class Scaphopoda
• Class Cephalopoda (= Siphonopoda)

• Subclass Nautiloidea (= Tetrabranchiata)
• Subclass Coleoidea (= Dibranchiata)

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• Order Sepioida
• Order Teuthoida (= Decapoda)
• Order Octopoda
• Order Vampyromorpha

Phylum Phoronida[edit]

• Phylum Phoronida

Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)[edit]

• Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)

• Class Phylactolaemata
• Class Stenolaemata
• Class Gymnolaemata

• Order Ctenostomata
• Order Cheilostomata

Phylum Brachiopoda[edit]

• Phylum Brachiopoda

• Class Inarticulata
• Class Articulata

Phylum Echinodermata[edit]

• Phylum Echinodermata

• Class Crinoidea
• Class Asteroidea

• Order Platysterida
• Order Paxillosida
• Order Valvatida
• Order Spinulosida
• Order Forcipulatida

• ”Sea daisies” (previously the class Concentricycloidea, but assigned by many authorities to the Spinulosida)
• Class Ophiuroidea

• Order Oegophiurida
• Order Phrynophiurida
• Order Ophiurida

• Class Echinoidea

• Subclass Cidaroidea
• Subclass Euechinoidea

• Infraclass Echinothurioidea
• Infraclass Acroechinoidea

• Cohort Diadematacea
• Cohort Echinacea
• Cohort Irregularia

• Class Holothuroidea

• Subclass Dendrochirotacea

• Order Dactylochirotida
• Order Dendrochirotida

• Subclass Aspidochirotacea

• Order Aspidochirotida
• Order Elasipodida

• Subclass Apodacea

• Order Molpadida
• Order Apodida

Phylum Chaetognatha[edit]

• Phylum Chaetognatha

• Order Phragmophora
• Order Aphragmophora

Phylum Hemichordata[edit]

• Phylum Hemichordata

• Class Enteropneusta
• Class Pterobranchia
• Class Planctosphaeroidea

Phylum Chordata[edit]

• Phylum Chordata

• Subphylum Urochordata (= Tunicata)

• Class Ascidiacea
• Class Thaliacea
• Class Appendicularia (= Larvacea)
• Class Sorberacea

• Subphylum Cephalochordata (= Acrania)
• Subphylum Vertebrata

• Class Myxini
• Class Cephalaspidomorphi
• Class Chondrichthyes
• Class Osteichthyes
• Class Amphibia
• Class Reptiliomorpha (= Sauropsida)
• Class Mammalia

References[edit]

1. ^Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN978-0-87893-097-5.
2. ^Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003), p. 875.